5/07/2009
Chapter 12 - Summary
Summary of Chapter 12 Culture: Inside and Out
Culture is the customs, beliefs, arts and institutions of a group of people. We learn this through interaction with family, friends, and other members of society or it is said that we learn culture through socialization, that is gained from interactions with group members over time.
In this chapter, there are lots of useful matters such as workforce diversity, organizational culture which involves deep organizational culture and observable organizational culture. Workforce diversity includes race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomics, gender, sexual preference, and physical disability. Sometimes we understand different behavior, customs, or beliefs as a little strange since we learn to view the globe from a cultural perspective. A micro view of organizational culture makes we look at a corporate way of life that comes from the national culture but look at a distinct co-culture with its own values, behaviors, and beliefs.
It is obvious that it is very important for us to learn and understand the culture both of macro (dominant) and micro (corporate) culture as we can apply them when working with people from different cultures and whenever we communicate with others.
Culture is the customs, beliefs, arts and institutions of a group of people. We learn this through interaction with family, friends, and other members of society or it is said that we learn culture through socialization, that is gained from interactions with group members over time.
In this chapter, there are lots of useful matters such as workforce diversity, organizational culture which involves deep organizational culture and observable organizational culture. Workforce diversity includes race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomics, gender, sexual preference, and physical disability. Sometimes we understand different behavior, customs, or beliefs as a little strange since we learn to view the globe from a cultural perspective. A micro view of organizational culture makes we look at a corporate way of life that comes from the national culture but look at a distinct co-culture with its own values, behaviors, and beliefs.
It is obvious that it is very important for us to learn and understand the culture both of macro (dominant) and micro (corporate) culture as we can apply them when working with people from different cultures and whenever we communicate with others.
Chapter 11 - Summary
Summary of Chapter 11 Writing Strategies for Reports and Proposals
Sometimes we can say that strategy is the most neglected elements in the writing report. In fact, strategy comes before we even begin to write. Before beginning to do so, pause a moment and then think about what we do well in writing. We should feel comfortable with your knowledge of the fundamentals of good writing and we should be sure how to write persuasively.
Direct and indirect strategies are very useful not only for overall construction of reports, but for the specific parts of such documents as well. First, we should consider our audience to determine which strategy we need to apply for. Next, we should know how to write them clearly and concisely. In addition, making executive is very significant because it not only identifies ourselves or our organization, but this summary also presents the trouble we are addressing; our objectives; and our proposed activities, analysis, or conclusions. It is a concise overview of the report.
Knowing the types of report and components of report is also important. They guide us to the correct direction in writing reports and proposals. Last but not least, reports and proposals should end on a positive way, particularly, when the recommendations may appear to be negative.
Sometimes we can say that strategy is the most neglected elements in the writing report. In fact, strategy comes before we even begin to write. Before beginning to do so, pause a moment and then think about what we do well in writing. We should feel comfortable with your knowledge of the fundamentals of good writing and we should be sure how to write persuasively.
Direct and indirect strategies are very useful not only for overall construction of reports, but for the specific parts of such documents as well. First, we should consider our audience to determine which strategy we need to apply for. Next, we should know how to write them clearly and concisely. In addition, making executive is very significant because it not only identifies ourselves or our organization, but this summary also presents the trouble we are addressing; our objectives; and our proposed activities, analysis, or conclusions. It is a concise overview of the report.
Knowing the types of report and components of report is also important. They guide us to the correct direction in writing reports and proposals. Last but not least, reports and proposals should end on a positive way, particularly, when the recommendations may appear to be negative.
Chapter 10 - Summary
Summary of Chapter 10 The Business of Reports: Informal and Formal Report Writing
Basically, we are involved in some kinds of report every day. It may incur at school or at a workplace. There are informal and formal styles of report depending on the needs for the report and on our audience. Reports are some of the most common documents written within organizations or companies. Even though we will read, write, and respond to both informal and formal reports, we will read, write, and respond to more informal report than any other kind of document.
Most reports are presented in written form, but some are delivered orally. It is common that formal reports are longer and must follow a specific format, while informal reports are usually short and use an informal personal style.
We should realize the purpose of reports, organizing reports, types of research problems, data collection, and components of report. Obviously, we can find such things in this chapter.
In conclusion, there's no one best approach to reporting usability study findings. Most people use more than one method, depending on their corporate culture and usability lifecycle approach. Both approaches have their place.
Basically, we are involved in some kinds of report every day. It may incur at school or at a workplace. There are informal and formal styles of report depending on the needs for the report and on our audience. Reports are some of the most common documents written within organizations or companies. Even though we will read, write, and respond to both informal and formal reports, we will read, write, and respond to more informal report than any other kind of document.
Most reports are presented in written form, but some are delivered orally. It is common that formal reports are longer and must follow a specific format, while informal reports are usually short and use an informal personal style.
We should realize the purpose of reports, organizing reports, types of research problems, data collection, and components of report. Obviously, we can find such things in this chapter.
In conclusion, there's no one best approach to reporting usability study findings. Most people use more than one method, depending on their corporate culture and usability lifecycle approach. Both approaches have their place.
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Chapter 9 - Summary
Summary of Chapter 9 Direct and Indirect Communication Strategies
Knowing when and how to use direct or indirect communication can make all the difference in our interactions. There is an appropriate time and method for each one of these communication styles. Although a direct strategy is likely to be better method than an indirect strategy which is the older format, some cases such as the bad news, we need to use an indirect one.
Therefore, we need both of these two strategies. We use a direct message when the information providing is positive, and we need an indirect message when the information is negative or unpleasant. Both can help retain the audience’s comfort and goodwill if we use them properly.
In this chapter, we know about when we should use them, components of message, step for writing and types of messages for both direct and indirect messages. The direct and indirect skills are like a hammer and screwdriver, respectively. Both are very helpful, but we need to use the right tool at the right time.
Knowing when and how to use direct or indirect communication can make all the difference in our interactions. There is an appropriate time and method for each one of these communication styles. Although a direct strategy is likely to be better method than an indirect strategy which is the older format, some cases such as the bad news, we need to use an indirect one.
Therefore, we need both of these two strategies. We use a direct message when the information providing is positive, and we need an indirect message when the information is negative or unpleasant. Both can help retain the audience’s comfort and goodwill if we use them properly.
In this chapter, we know about when we should use them, components of message, step for writing and types of messages for both direct and indirect messages. The direct and indirect skills are like a hammer and screwdriver, respectively. Both are very helpful, but we need to use the right tool at the right time.
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3/11/2009
Chapter 8 Business Writing Design
Summary of Chapter 8 Business Writing Design
It is generally accepted that writing skills are very influential in our life, especially in business. The ability to write clearly and use the tools and formats appropriate to your audience will significantly increase your chance of moving up the corporate ladder. Therefore, employers are always looking for people who have superb writing skills.
Writing is a communication channel that preserves over a period of time for the details of an action, idea or contact. Because of its more lasting nature, written communication requires the strategies that are used for spoken verbal communication and additional rules. In business, typical written documents such as memos, letters, e-mails, reports, proposals, contracts, or website should be precise, concise and clear. So, in this chapter, we learn about the writing process, business writing style, and designing memos, letters and e-mail messages.
The writing process includes generating ideas and prewriting, gathering information, considering strategy, outline and drafting, revising and editing, and proofreading. The best business writing style use the “you” view to focus on the audience and also use positive expression, reader benefits, active sentences, concrete language, and grammatically correct sentences. For designing writing messages, memos and letters which are more formal contain an introduction, a body, and a close, whereas e-mails, which is less formal are usually very short with a subject line, courtesy copies, a salutation, a body, a close, and or attachments.
Choosing the channel for your messages depends on various situations such as internal or external, informal or formal, confidential or public, so we have to consider them carefully before using. Then we design them appropriately and perfectly in order to achieve our goals that is the point of business writing design.
It is generally accepted that writing skills are very influential in our life, especially in business. The ability to write clearly and use the tools and formats appropriate to your audience will significantly increase your chance of moving up the corporate ladder. Therefore, employers are always looking for people who have superb writing skills.
Writing is a communication channel that preserves over a period of time for the details of an action, idea or contact. Because of its more lasting nature, written communication requires the strategies that are used for spoken verbal communication and additional rules. In business, typical written documents such as memos, letters, e-mails, reports, proposals, contracts, or website should be precise, concise and clear. So, in this chapter, we learn about the writing process, business writing style, and designing memos, letters and e-mail messages.
The writing process includes generating ideas and prewriting, gathering information, considering strategy, outline and drafting, revising and editing, and proofreading. The best business writing style use the “you” view to focus on the audience and also use positive expression, reader benefits, active sentences, concrete language, and grammatically correct sentences. For designing writing messages, memos and letters which are more formal contain an introduction, a body, and a close, whereas e-mails, which is less formal are usually very short with a subject line, courtesy copies, a salutation, a body, a close, and or attachments.
Choosing the channel for your messages depends on various situations such as internal or external, informal or formal, confidential or public, so we have to consider them carefully before using. Then we design them appropriately and perfectly in order to achieve our goals that is the point of business writing design.
3/10/2009
Chapter 5 Creating and Using Meaning
Summary of Chapter 5 Creating and Using Meaning
Because people have different experiences in life and their reactions to those experiences are also different, so they have differences in interpretation that can often lead to miscommunication. While meaning is very difficult to describe, it is worthy of study in this chapter as understanding the way we gain, make, and interpret meaning can help us communicate more effectively.
Messages contain both intended and interpreted meaning. When they match, shared meaning is created. Meaning is a process of perception, organization, and interpretation and we also associate meaning with signs and symbols in order to help us share and communicate. Meaning is also derived from the several contexts in which our communication occurs. The different contexts which shape our understanding of what and event, action, or idea means are intrapersonal, personal history, cultural, interpersonal, and business context.
The relationship between words and the meanings we attach to them is semantics, which includes the meanings of concrete and abstract words. Depending on the context and the people involved in the interaction, these words can create misunderstanding. In addition, the message meaning can be either clear or confusing to the receiver by specific meaning or vague meaning, respectively.
People have different interpretations of the same words, messages, events or ideas based on their personal experience. Therefore, we should be careful in designing and using meaning to prevent misunderstanding communication.
Because people have different experiences in life and their reactions to those experiences are also different, so they have differences in interpretation that can often lead to miscommunication. While meaning is very difficult to describe, it is worthy of study in this chapter as understanding the way we gain, make, and interpret meaning can help us communicate more effectively.
Messages contain both intended and interpreted meaning. When they match, shared meaning is created. Meaning is a process of perception, organization, and interpretation and we also associate meaning with signs and symbols in order to help us share and communicate. Meaning is also derived from the several contexts in which our communication occurs. The different contexts which shape our understanding of what and event, action, or idea means are intrapersonal, personal history, cultural, interpersonal, and business context.
The relationship between words and the meanings we attach to them is semantics, which includes the meanings of concrete and abstract words. Depending on the context and the people involved in the interaction, these words can create misunderstanding. In addition, the message meaning can be either clear or confusing to the receiver by specific meaning or vague meaning, respectively.
People have different interpretations of the same words, messages, events or ideas based on their personal experience. Therefore, we should be careful in designing and using meaning to prevent misunderstanding communication.
Chapter 4 Listening: A Silent Hero
Summary of Chapter 4 Listening: A Silent Hero
According to the definition of listening, a silent hero, in the head of this chapter, it is absolutely true since effective listening can make a big difference in gaining new business and profits. In most business situations, we use listening more than virtually any other communication skill. Not only do we listen to learn and remember information, but we also listen to make decisions and to understand other needs. On the other hand, poor listening can create numerous problems in business, including message misinterpretation as well as information mistakes.
We should know the difference between hearing and listening as we often confuse both the terms and the process. Furthermore, we should study the business tools in listening, which are active and passive listening, in order to select the appropriate ones to use in each situation. Active listening can be classed into four types: listening to learn, critical listening, sensitive listening, and dialogue listening. Passive listening is the absorption of sounds without the personal involvement needed for active attention, interpretation or feedback, and sometimes it can be beneficial.
Finally, not listening and poor listening are not good habits because they can cost a business precious time and effort and can serious liabilities. The most common listening liabilities in business are external, internal, and message noise, channel deficiencies, and cultural barriers.
Now, as mentioned above, we should not neglect this significant tool, listening, anymore if we want to achieve more businesses and benefits in the world of business.
According to the definition of listening, a silent hero, in the head of this chapter, it is absolutely true since effective listening can make a big difference in gaining new business and profits. In most business situations, we use listening more than virtually any other communication skill. Not only do we listen to learn and remember information, but we also listen to make decisions and to understand other needs. On the other hand, poor listening can create numerous problems in business, including message misinterpretation as well as information mistakes.
We should know the difference between hearing and listening as we often confuse both the terms and the process. Furthermore, we should study the business tools in listening, which are active and passive listening, in order to select the appropriate ones to use in each situation. Active listening can be classed into four types: listening to learn, critical listening, sensitive listening, and dialogue listening. Passive listening is the absorption of sounds without the personal involvement needed for active attention, interpretation or feedback, and sometimes it can be beneficial.
Finally, not listening and poor listening are not good habits because they can cost a business precious time and effort and can serious liabilities. The most common listening liabilities in business are external, internal, and message noise, channel deficiencies, and cultural barriers.
Now, as mentioned above, we should not neglect this significant tool, listening, anymore if we want to achieve more businesses and benefits in the world of business.
3/09/2009
Chapter 3 Creating Effective Messages
Summary of Chapter 3 Creating Effective Messages
In the world of business, creating effective messages requires planning and developing strategies to better achieve desired results. This chapter provides a framework how to plan and design messages strategically to increase the opportunities of achieving high fidelity and reaching goals.
There are eight steps for this communication strategy; Map out message goals, Evaluate your audience, Shape message content, Select channels, Acquire resources, Generate source credibility, Eliminate design flaws, and Send message. They can be used in the development of various internal and external business messages, including oral presentations, written reports, memos, letter of correspondence, meetings, newsletters, brochures, web pages, proposals, and even face-to-face human interaction. It is obvious that such design steps are very useful in the business world.
In the world of business, creating effective messages requires planning and developing strategies to better achieve desired results. This chapter provides a framework how to plan and design messages strategically to increase the opportunities of achieving high fidelity and reaching goals.
There are eight steps for this communication strategy; Map out message goals, Evaluate your audience, Shape message content, Select channels, Acquire resources, Generate source credibility, Eliminate design flaws, and Send message. They can be used in the development of various internal and external business messages, including oral presentations, written reports, memos, letter of correspondence, meetings, newsletters, brochures, web pages, proposals, and even face-to-face human interaction. It is obvious that such design steps are very useful in the business world.
Chapter 2 How Business Communicates
Summary of Chapter 2 How Business Communicates
Modern business communicating is faster, more convenient, and more accessible than ever before because of more technological channels available. Businesses manage information and design messages that flow internally to employees and externally to the environment. This chapter focuses on how and what information flow inside and outside organizations.
After we know that the types of business messages are structural, relational and change messages, we can use these messages in order to exchange internally among employees and externally with the environment such as customers, vendors or media. Internal message flows are often managed by networks, which have formal and informal communication. External communication process consists of message input, throughput, and output.
No matter how methods we use to communicate, each of them has both advantages and disadvantages depending on any cases. We, therefore, should consider that which one is the best for each situation.
Modern business communicating is faster, more convenient, and more accessible than ever before because of more technological channels available. Businesses manage information and design messages that flow internally to employees and externally to the environment. This chapter focuses on how and what information flow inside and outside organizations.
After we know that the types of business messages are structural, relational and change messages, we can use these messages in order to exchange internally among employees and externally with the environment such as customers, vendors or media. Internal message flows are often managed by networks, which have formal and informal communication. External communication process consists of message input, throughput, and output.
No matter how methods we use to communicate, each of them has both advantages and disadvantages depending on any cases. We, therefore, should consider that which one is the best for each situation.
3/08/2009
Chapter 1 The Basics
Summary of Chapter 1 The Basics
This chapter is very useful for learning the basics of communication. The readers will understand what is communication, skill for twenty-first-century business, basic communication principles, how communication work, communicating intrapersonally, and the intrapersonal and business communication.
Communication is the process of creating shared meaning through the internal and external exchange of messages. It can be formal or informal.
As we are in the twenty-first century and we want to do business successfully, we will need to be skilled in intrapersonal, business, interpersonal, small-group, verbal, and public communication.
We should know the basic principles of communication including the eight following; Communication is a process, communication is contextual, communication is continuous, communication coordinates our relationships, communication is symbolic, communication is culturally linked, communication is collaborative, and communication is ethical.
The ideal communication has high fidelity, which refers to mutual understanding between a message source and receiver. Noise, which can be internal, external or message based, can make high fidelity hard to achieve. The components of the communication process are ideas and encoding, source and receiver, messages, communication channels, decoding, and message feedback.
Communicating intrapersonally is interaction within a person who encodes, decodes, and transmits messages internally. During the process of encoding and decoding, we determine meaning based on intrapersonal, interpersonal, contextual and social factors. We, finally, transmit messages intrapersonally through the three primary channels, which are self-talk, mental imagery and nonverbal behaviors.
Business communicators need to become business communication designers since they need to create effective messages internally before sending. Communication designers use predesigned, integrated, and situational strategies for a variety of purposes.
This chapter is very useful for learning the basics of communication. The readers will understand what is communication, skill for twenty-first-century business, basic communication principles, how communication work, communicating intrapersonally, and the intrapersonal and business communication.
Communication is the process of creating shared meaning through the internal and external exchange of messages. It can be formal or informal.
As we are in the twenty-first century and we want to do business successfully, we will need to be skilled in intrapersonal, business, interpersonal, small-group, verbal, and public communication.
We should know the basic principles of communication including the eight following; Communication is a process, communication is contextual, communication is continuous, communication coordinates our relationships, communication is symbolic, communication is culturally linked, communication is collaborative, and communication is ethical.
The ideal communication has high fidelity, which refers to mutual understanding between a message source and receiver. Noise, which can be internal, external or message based, can make high fidelity hard to achieve. The components of the communication process are ideas and encoding, source and receiver, messages, communication channels, decoding, and message feedback.
Communicating intrapersonally is interaction within a person who encodes, decodes, and transmits messages internally. During the process of encoding and decoding, we determine meaning based on intrapersonal, interpersonal, contextual and social factors. We, finally, transmit messages intrapersonally through the three primary channels, which are self-talk, mental imagery and nonverbal behaviors.
Business communicators need to become business communication designers since they need to create effective messages internally before sending. Communication designers use predesigned, integrated, and situational strategies for a variety of purposes.
3/07/2009
2/26/2009
Inroduction Letter
My name is Warangkana Chaowarakse. My nickname is Chilly. I am from Thailand with a nuclear family, my father, my mother, my sister and me. My parents are both teachers.
I graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Engineering, majoring in Chemical Engineering at Thammasat University in Thailand. After graduation, I had been working in the Japanese company, Metek Kitamura Co.,Ltd., as Sales & Marketing Engineer for five years. My main responsibility was collaborating with customers, that helped improve my interpersonal and communication skills. In addition, I could take advantages of Engineering background that made me have systematic thinking and solving, easy understanding about processes and computation.
As I had worked in Administration Department, I had to associate with diverse careers such as Accountant, Purchaser, Financier and HR, etc. that was the beginning of my interest in a field of business. The principal desire is the way of progression. I would like to learn multidisciplinary business for helping me do related task and get a promotion. I would like to learn how to efficiently manage. Owing to my challenging objectives, I truly yearn for studying Business or Management.
Currently, I am studying Business Administration for Master's degree, majoring in Financial Management and Investment Banking at Lincoln University in the United States. After completing this, I will go back home and seek a good job relating to my study in order to gain more experience, and then I plan to have my small own business. Furthermore, in the far future, I desire to take a rest by travelling around the world as many countries as I can.
I graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Engineering, majoring in Chemical Engineering at Thammasat University in Thailand. After graduation, I had been working in the Japanese company, Metek Kitamura Co.,Ltd., as Sales & Marketing Engineer for five years. My main responsibility was collaborating with customers, that helped improve my interpersonal and communication skills. In addition, I could take advantages of Engineering background that made me have systematic thinking and solving, easy understanding about processes and computation.
As I had worked in Administration Department, I had to associate with diverse careers such as Accountant, Purchaser, Financier and HR, etc. that was the beginning of my interest in a field of business. The principal desire is the way of progression. I would like to learn multidisciplinary business for helping me do related task and get a promotion. I would like to learn how to efficiently manage. Owing to my challenging objectives, I truly yearn for studying Business or Management.
Currently, I am studying Business Administration for Master's degree, majoring in Financial Management and Investment Banking at Lincoln University in the United States. After completing this, I will go back home and seek a good job relating to my study in order to gain more experience, and then I plan to have my small own business. Furthermore, in the far future, I desire to take a rest by travelling around the world as many countries as I can.
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